与阿尔廷斯塔法医生一起破解骨质疏松症-功绩医疗

髋骨骨折对老年人来说似乎很常见，但它实际上可能是一种叫做骨质疏松症的严重疾病的警告信号，1岁以上的女性中有五分之一的人患有这种疾病。五月是骨质疏松症月,为了了解骨质疏松症是如何预防和治疗的,我们采访了意大利特雷维索Ca Foncello医院的神经放射学家Altin Stafa医学博士。

什么是骨质疏松症，谁的风险最高？

$Osteoporosis is a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decrease, or when the quality or structure of bone changes, decreasing bone strength and increasing the risk of fractures or broken bones.$ 骨质疏松症是一种骨病，当骨矿物质密度和骨量减少，或者当骨的质量或结构发生变化时，会降低骨强度并增加骨折或骨折的风险。

有些人认为骨质疏松症是一种无声的疾病，因为骨质疏松症患者通常直到骨折才知道自己被诊断出患有骨质疏松症。骨折可以发生在任何骨头上，但最常见的是髋骨、手腕骨和脊椎中的椎骨。

斯塔法医生解释说，骨质疏松症主要影响处于更年期的女性，此时支撑骨骼的雌激素水平迅速下降。然而，不应该忘记的是，同样年龄的男性，即使发病率要低得多，也会患上骨质疏松症。此外，病理条件，如甲状旁腺功能亢进和慢性肾脏疾病，即使在较年轻的年龄也会引起与性别无关的骨质疏松症。

如果父母出现髋部骨折或其他骨折，则其可能面临更高的风险，应该与医生讨论是否建议进行骨质疏松筛查。

$What types of fractures are most common among patients with osteoporosis?$ 骨质疏松症患者最常见的骨折类型有哪些？

$Fractures are often the first sign of the disease for people living with osteoporosis, and vertebral fractures are among the most frequent type. Why does this happen? “The static and dynamic load which the spine is subjected to is much higher than the one of other bone segments. The spinal segment most frequently affected by compression fractures is the lumbar one, in the lower back region, due to its higher static and dynamic load. Also, the last two thoracic vertebrae, in the mid-back region, are frequently a fracture target because of higher dynamic load, consequent to spinal torsion, flexion, and extension,” Dr. Stafa clarifies.$ 骨折往往是骨质疏松症患者疾病的第一个迹象，而椎体骨折是最常见的类型之一。为什么会发生这种情况？"脊柱所承受的静态和动态载荷要比其他骨节高得多。最经常受到压缩性骨折影响的脊柱节段是腰部，在下背部区域，由于其静态和动态负荷较高。此外,位于中背部的最后两个胸椎也经常成为骨折的目标,因为其动态负荷较高,是脊柱扭转,屈曲和伸展的结果,“Stafa医生解释说。

$For some patients with more severe osteoporosis, Dr. Stafa shares that “the mid thoracic vertebrae can also fracture.” He advises giving special attention to the sacrum, that sits below the lumbar vertebrae, which frequently has underdiagnosed fractures. “Compression fractures of the cervical spine in the neck region and of the upper thoracic region are rare,” Dr. Stafa adds.$ 对于一些更严重的骨质疏松症患者，斯塔法医生认为“胸椎中部也可能发生骨折”。他建议特别注意骶骨，它位于腰椎下方，经常有诊断标准以下的骨折。“颈部区域和上胸部区域的颈椎压缩性骨折很少见。”斯塔法医生补充道。

$How are fractures diagnosed and treated?$ 如何诊断和治疗骨折？

$People experiencing significant, sudden, localized back pain that interferes with daily life should consider seeking medical expertise to evaluate their spine for possible diagnosis of a vertebral fracture. “Even when they are not painful, osteoporotic vertebral fractures may cause a gradual and severe reduction of the vertebral body height, which can negatively impact the biodynamics of the whole spine, causing spinal deformity (i.e., kyphosis), chronic back pain, consequent chest and abdominal space reduction with overall negative impact on the patient’s quality of life,” Dr. Stafa explains.$ 经历严重、突然、局部背痛并影响日常生活的人应该考虑寻求医疗专家来评估他们的脊柱，以便诊断出可能的椎骨骨折。”即使没有疼痛,骨质疏松性椎骨骨折也可能导致椎体高度逐渐严重降低,这会对整个脊柱的生物动力学产生负面影响,导致脊柱畸形(即脊柱后凸),慢性背痛,随之而来的胸部和腹部间隙减少,对患者的生活质量产生总体负面影响,“Stafa博士解释道。

$A number of treatments are available for patients with fractures, according to Dr. Stafa. “Vertebral compression fracture treatments include pain medication, bed rest, and bracing as well as physiotherapy. Although these approaches may help some patients, most of them have found little to no relief or clinical improvement.”$ 据斯塔法医生说，有许多治疗方法可用于骨折患者。椎体压缩性骨折的治疗包括止痛药，卧床休息，支撑以及物理治疗。尽管这些方法可能会帮助一些患者，但他们中的大多数人几乎没有发现任何缓解或临床改善。”

什么是椎体强化治疗？

$“People with serious pain from fractures may benefit from vertebral augmentation. This minimally invasive procedure has provided substantial, immediate pain relief while reducing progressive vertebral body height reduction and consequent spinal deformity,” Dr. Stafa explains. Vertebral augmentation involves one or two very small incisions in the skin (less than 1 cm in length) to access the vertebral body affected by the fracture, creating channels or cavities inside the vertebral body, and delivering bone cement to stabilize the fracture.$ 因骨折而导致严重疼痛的人可能会受益于椎体强化术。这种微创手术提供了显着,即时的疼痛缓解,同时减少了椎体高度的渐进式降低和随之而来的脊柱畸形,“Stafa博士解释道。椎体强化术包括在皮肤上做一个或两个非常小的切口（长度小于 1 厘米）以进入受骨折影响的椎体，在椎体内形成通道或空腔，并输送骨水泥以稳定骨折。

cutting-edge vertebral augmentation products for physicians that address patient-specific needs when treating vertebral compression fractures. “Good clinical outcomes are a result of the ability to control the size, shape, and location of channels and cavities in the vertebrae, using steerable devices, to allow for optimal amount and location of cement, to stabilize the fracture,” Dr. Stafa shares." data-gt-human-content="true">功绩设计了尖端的椎体强化产品适用于在治疗椎体压缩性骨折时满足患者特定需求的医生。“良好的临床结果是能够控制椎骨通道和腔的大小,形状和位置的结果,使用可操纵装置,以允许最佳水泥量和位置,以稳定骨折。”斯塔法博士分享。

Learn more about our Spine portfolio of diagnostic and interventional products that target spine pathology and reduce pain with minimally invasive precision. Contact our bob sports to learn how you can implement these and more into your practice." data-gt-human-content="true">值得医学致力于与医生合作,创新所需的工具,帮助为骨质疏松症患者创造更好的生活质量。了解更多关于我们的脊柱诊断和介入产品组合，这些产品针对脊柱病理并以微创精度减轻疼痛。联系我们客户支持中心了解如何将这些以及更多内容应用到您的实践中。

参考文献：

疾病控制和预防中心，2022年。“骨质疏松症有家族遗传吗?”https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/osteoporosis.htm
美国国立卫生研究院，2022年。“骨质疏松症概述”。https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteoporosis/overview

什么是骨质疏松症，谁的风险最高？

骨质疏松症患者最常见的骨折类型有哪些？

如何诊断和治疗骨折？

什么是椎体强化治疗？

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$What types of fractures are most common among patients with osteoporosis?$ 骨质疏松症患者最常见的骨折类型有哪些？

$How are fractures diagnosed and treated?$ 如何诊断和治疗骨折？